Administrative divisions

Map of Indonesia

Administratively, Indonesia consists of 33 provinces, five of which have special status. Each province has its own political legislature and governor. The provinces are subdivided into regencies (kabupaten) and (kota), which are further subdivided into subdistricts (kecamatan), and again into village groupings (either desa or kelurahan). Following the implementation of regional autonomy measures in 2001, the regencies and cities have become the key administrative units, responsible for providing most government services. The village administration level is the most influential on a citizen's daily life, and handles matters of a village or neighborhood through an elected lurah or kepala desa (village chief).

Aceh, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Papua, and West Papua provinces have greater legislative privileges and a higher degree of autonomy from the central government than the other provinces. The Acehnese government, for example, has the right to create an independent legal system; in 2003, it instituted a form of Sharia (Islamic law). Yogyakarta was granted the status of Special Region in recognition of its pivotal role in supporting Indonesian Republicans during the Indonesian Revolution. Papua, formerly known as Irian Jaya, was granted special autonomy status in 2001.Jakarta is the country's special capital region.

Indonesian provinces and their capitals

(Indonesian name in brackets where different from English)
indicates provinces with Special Status

Sumatra

* Aceh (Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam) - Banda Aceh
* North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) - Medan
* West Sumatra (Sumatera Barat) - Padang
* Riau - Pekanbaru
* Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau) - Tanjung Pinang
* Jambi - Jambi (city)
* South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) - Palembang
* Bangka-Belitung (Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung) - Pangkal Pinang
* Bengkulu - Bengkulu (city)
* Lampung - Bandar Lampung

Java

* Jakarta - Jakarta
* Banten - Serang
* West Java (Jawa Barat) - Bandung
* Central Java (Jawa Tengah) - Semarang
* Yogyakarta Special Region† - Yogyakarta (city)
* East Java (Jawa Timur) - Surabaya

Lesser Sunda Islands

* Bali - Denpasar
* West Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Barat) - Mataram
* East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur) - Kupang



Kalimantan

* West Kalimantan (Kalimantan Barat) - Pontianak
* Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah) - Palangkaraya
* South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan) - Banjarmasin
* East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) - Samarinda

Sulawesi

* North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara) - Manado
* Gorontalo - Gorontalo (city)
* Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah) - Palu
* West Sulawesi (Sulawesi Barat) - Mamuju
* South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) - Makassar
* South East Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tenggara) - Kendari

Maluku islands

* Maluku - Ambon
* North Maluku (Maluku Utara) - Ternate

Papua

* West Papua (Papua Barat) - Manokwari
* Papua† - Jayapura

Foreign relations and military

National flags at the site of the 2002 terrorist bombing in Kuta, Bali

In contrast to Sukarno's anti-imperialistic antipathy to western powers and tensions with Malaysia, Indonesia's foreign relations approach since the Suharto "New Order" has been one of economic and political cooperation with Western nations. Indonesia maintains close relationships with its neighbors in Asia, and is a founding member of ASEAN and the East Asia Summit. The nation restored relations with the People's Republic of China in 1990 following a freeze in place since anti-communist purges early in the Suharto era.[43] Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950,and was a founder of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC).Indonesia is signatory to the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, and a member of OPEC, the Cairns Group and the WTO. Indonesia has received humanitarian and development aid since 1966, in particular from the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan.
National flags at the site of the 2002 terrorist bombing in Kuta, Bali
National flags at the site of the 2002 terrorist bombing in Kuta, Bali

The Indonesian Government has worked with other countries to apprehend and prosecute perpetrators of major bombings linked to militant Islamism and Al-Qaeda. The deadliest killed 202 people (including 164 international tourists) in the Bali resort town of Kuta in 2002. The attacks, and subsequent travel warnings issued by other countries, have severely damaged Indonesia's tourism industry and foreign investment prospects.

Indonesia's 300,000-member armed forces (TNI) include the Army (TNI-AD), Navy (TNI-AL, which includes marines), and Air Force (TNI-AU). The army has about 233,000 active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget was 4% of GDP in 2006, and is controversially supplemented by revenue from military commercial interests and foundations. In the post-Suharto period since 1998, formal TNI representation in parliament has been removed; though curtailed, its political influence remains extensive. Separatist movements in the provinces of Aceh and Papua have led to armed conflict, and subsequent allegations of human rights abuses and brutality from all sides. Following a sporadic thirty year guerrilla war between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the Indonesian military, a ceasefire agreement was reached in 2005. In Papua, there has been a significant, albeit imperfect, implementation of regional autonomy laws, and a reported decline in the levels of violence and human rights abuses, since the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

PSM Makassar

PSM Makassar logo
Full name Persatuan Sepak bola Makassar
Nickname(s) Juku Eja (the Red Fish); Pasukan Ramang (Ramang Warrior)
Founded 1915
Ground Mattoangin Stadium
Makassar, Indonesia
(Capacity 30,000)
Chairman Ilham Arif Sirajuddin
League Liga Djarum Indonesia, Copa Indonesia
2006-07 Divisi Utama, 1st place in East division (half seaso

PSM Makassar, founded in 1915, is a football club that plays in the Liga Indonesia. It is one of Indonesia's strongest football clubs, having won a title in 2000 and finishing runner-up three out of the past four seasons after that.

PSM is a one time Liga Indonesia champion. Right now, PSM is facing a serious financial problem. In Makassar, PSM is highly supported and even some of the local band made an album to help their team.

PSM has 24 groups of supporters, some of them are The Macz Man, Mappanyuki, Ikatan Suporter Makasar (ISM), Suporter Hasanuddin, Suporter Dealos, Suporter Reformasi, Komando, Suporter Bias, Suporter Kubis, Karebosi, Gunung Lokong, Suporter PKC (Pannampu, Kalumpang, dan Cumi-cumi).

PSM is one of the best team in Indonesia which has the best stability in performance. They almost always went to semi final of Liga Indonesia. PSM is also the team in first division which spent the most efficient in using money (spent only USD 800,000 and got 1st place of East area [half season]). PSM is also the only one team in Indonesia which has four international players who play in their national team (four of the Togo players play for Togo National Team in World Cup qualification in Africa division).

PSM Makassar now is trying to use a new formation of 4-1-3-2 while attacking and 4-1-4-1 for defense. The coach prefer the effective football like in Premier league than beautiful football from Brazil. He is trying to make a new style of total football in the team which only use one-two touch before passing the ball (kick and rush). He is trying to make the style of Real Madrid now (as 4-1-3-2 is the formation of Real Madrid).

Diponegoro

Pangeran Diponegoro (born Yogyakarta 1785- died Makassar 1855) was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule. He played an important role in the Java War (1825-1830). In 1830, the Dutch exiled him to Makassar.

Diponegoro was a prince in the Javanese court of Yogyakarta. In the early 19th century the Javanese nobles were deprived of their right to lease land, which right was taken over by the Dutch colonial authority in order to improve their finances. Infuriated by the loss of prestige, and also by not having been chosen for promotion, Diponegoro believed that he had been chosen by divine powers to lead a rebellion against the secular colonials and started a holy war against them. Dipenogoro was widely believed to be the Ratu Adil, the Just Ruler predicted in the Pralembang Joyoboyo.[citation needed]

The beginning of the war saw large losses on the side of the Dutch, due to their lack of coherent strategy and commitment in fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare. Ambushes were set up, and food supplies were denied to the Dutch troops. Diponegoro also enjoyed popular support among the population of Central Java.

The Dutch finally committed themselves to controlling the spreading rebellion by increasing the number of troops and sending General De Kock to stop the insurgencies. De Kock developed a fortress wherein he established a series of heavily-fortified and well-defended soldiers to limit the movement of Diponegoro's troops. Then Diponegoro was invited to negotiate. He accepted but later it was known that it was only Dutch trick to abduct him. He was placed under arrest while meeting under the auspices of negotiation in 1830. The Dutch exiled him to Makassar.

Today Diponegoro is a National Hero in Indonesia, and The Central Java Military Region is named after him.

Erotic dancing

Erotic dance is a major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles, where the purpose is the stimulation or arousal of erotic or sexual thoughts or actions.

This compares to other major dance categories based on purpose, such as ceremonial dance, competitive dance, participation dance, performance dance and social dance.

The erotic dancer's clothing is often minimal, and may be gradually decreased or eliminated altogether. In some areas of the United States, it is illegal for the female dancer to expose her genitalia. These dancers will often wear g-strings.

Nudity, however, is not a requirement of erotic dance. The culture and the ability of the human body is a significant aesthetic component in many dance styles.

Erotic dances include the following dance forms or styles:

* Can-can
* Cage dance
* Go-go dance
* Sexercise
* Striptease
o Pole dance
o Bubble dance
o Fan dance
o Gown-and-glove dance
o Lap dance
+ Couch dance
+ Contact dance
+ Limo lap dance
o Dance of the seven veils
o Table dance
* Grinding (dance)

Erotic dances are sometimes mistakenly referred to (or masked as) exotic dances. While there is overlap, they are not the same. Not all exotic dances are erotic. Not all erotic dances are exotic.

Ceremonial dance

Ceremonial dance is a major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles, where the purpose is ceremonial or ritualistic.

This compares to other major dance categories based on purpose:
Classical Indian dance
Classical Indian dance

- Competitive dance - Erotic dance - Participation dance - Performance dance - Social dance

* Celebration dance
o Festival dance
* Dance in ancient cultures
o Ancient Greece
o Ancient Rome
o Classical Indian dances
* Ritual dance, Magic/Mystic/Spiritual dance
o Circle dance
o Corroborree
o Dances of Universal Peace
o Religious dance
o Ritual dances of India
o Sema, or Whirling dervish dance
o War dance
o Weapon dance

Coppong Daeng Rannu

Coppong Daeng Rannu (born 1920 in Gowa, South Sulawesi) is a master of Makassar ethnic-group dances. She is best known as Rice Goddess in performance I La Galigo.
Life

She has learned dancing since she was 10 years old, continued her family’s dancing-tradition. She learnt dancing from her grandfather, Mosoa Daeng Olla, who taught her Pakarena and Salonreng. Pakarena is a dance performed in palace by 3 dancers, and salonreng is a ritual dance performed in certain event such as in warding off misfortune ceremony. Maybe she is the only one who able to perform the near-extinction Salonreng.

In her ten, she debuted as palace dancer of Balla Lompoa, Gowa Royal Palace. Being a dancer firstly was unthought-of. She was moved her mother words, “if you don’t learn to dance, then there are no one in our family who could carry on our dancing-generation.”

She is aged now, but she is still an active dancer and teacher of her 4 grandchild as well.

In 2004, for 3 months she has performed for I La Galigo across Singapore, Europe, US and Australia.

She is loyal to live as a dancer for her passion of perpetuating Makassar dances. Yet, she concerned about the Makassar dances future, because younger generation don’t have any interest in it.


Awards

* In 1999, received award from Indonesian tourism, arts and cultural minister
* In 2000, received award from South Sulawesi Culture Foundation
* In 2004, received award from Robert Wilson (director) in performance of I La Galigo